Evaluation of role of Glibenclamide and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae extract on Lymph Node and Spleen of Diabetic rats

Background: diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system with a common biochemical manifestation, thus hyper-glycemia is a disturbed carbohydrate metabolism. This work aimed to evaluate the role of antidiabetic and hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide as a chemical agent and Aphanizomenon flos- aquae extract as a natural agent on lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen in the diabetic [type-2] white male albino rats

Material and methods: Fifty male albino rats were used and categorized into five groups; group 1: control [C], group 2: Alloxan induced diabetic rats [D] [150 mg/kg b .wt]; group 3: diabetic rats treated with daonil [D+Do][daonil 5 mg/kg b.wt/day]; group 4: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae extract [AFA][94.5mg/kg b.wt/day] and group 5: diabetic rats treated with Aphanizomenon flos -aquae extract[94.5mg/kg b.wt/day] [AFA+D]. All groups were dissected after 30 days of treatment. Lymph nodes and spleen samples were taken for histological and histochemical studies. Blood samples were taken for measurement of serum glucose and serum insulin level

Results: Diabetic male rats showed very highly significant increase in the serum glucose level, while non significant increase was recorded in the other treated groups in comparison with the control group.Diabetic male rats showed highly significant decrease in the serum insulin level as compared to the control group. Conversely, treatment of diabetic rats with daonil showed a significant increase in the levels of serum insulin. On the other hand non significant increase in the serum insulin was observed in AFA or AFA+D groups in comparison with the control group. Many histopathological and histochemical changes were observed in the lymph nodes and spleen of the diabetic rats, but using AFA extract succeeded to minimize the drastic changes which were observed in the lymph nodes and spleen of the diabetic rats more than that observed with glibenclamide

Conclusion: glibenclamide [daonil] as asynthetic drug and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae extract as a natural product ameliorated biochemical, histopathological and histochemical changes in the lymph nodes and splenic tissues of the diabetic rats.Aphanizomenon flos-aquae extract proved to be antidiabetic agent better than daonil drug and its antidiabetic action may be due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycemic action

effects of Jasonia montana [neheda] on some biochemical and histological parameters of diabetic albino rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common and widely distributed metabolic diseases all over the world. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. In Asia, different medicinal plant species are used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus e.g. Jasonia montana [Neheda] was one of these plants that was used in a mixture to treat diabetic patients long times ago. This work was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract of Jasonia montana [Neheda] on the alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats. This study was performed on thirty male albino rats with an average 100-110 g body weight. The animals were divided into three groups [10 /cage]; Group I [Control untreated group], Group II [Alloxan-induced diabetic group] and Group III [diabetic group treated orally with "28.5 mg/ kg body wt. twice/ day" of the plant extract]. The biochemical results showed marked decline [p<0.01] in levels of the serum insulin, body weight, total proteins, albumin, globulin and HDL accompanied with marked elevation [p<0.001] in the levels of fasting blood glucose, levels of HOMA_IR, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL [risk factors] in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group. Daily management of diabetic rates with aqueous extract of Neheda showed significant improvement in most of these parameters. Histologically, considerable improvement in the morphological changes that was observed in diabetic groups had been detected after treatment with Neheda in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues in comparison to the control group. It could be concluded that Jasonia montana [Neheda] can be used as an antidiabetic drug that can lower blood glucose concentration and guard against the negative effects of diabetes

Effect of crowding stress on lung and heart of the adult albino rats and the possible protective role of sulpiride

Exposure to crowding stress is associated with increased respiratory system morbidity, However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Thus, there is a need for more study of this harmful effect. Sulpiride had been shown to have a protective role against crowding stress on other systems but this role was not studied well on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Investigating the possible harmful effects of crowding on adult albino rats' lung and heart and the possible protective role of combined sulpiride treatment. The present study was carried out on 24 adult albino rats of local strain weighing 120 +/- 3 g which were randomly divided equally into Group 1[C, untreated negative control], Group 2 [Cr, crowding exposed or positive control] where rats were exposed to crowding in a cage [20x20x20 cm- 6 rats /cage] for 1 month, Group 3[D, sulpiride-treated] where the rats were exposed to sulpiride "0.028 mg/B.W./day" and Group 4 [Cr+D, crowding + sulpiride-treated]. Paraffin sections were prepared for histological, histochemical and morphometric studies. The data were statistically analysed. The rats exposed to crowding only or sulpiride only showed highly significant damaging changes on lung such as thickening in the interalveolar septa and obliteration of the alveoli, inflammatory cells infiltration within the pulmonary interstitium, peribronchiolar infiltration and fibrosis, thickening of the pulmonary blood vessels walls, interstitial collagen fibres deposition and apoptotic cellular changes. On the level of heart, significant decrease in the diameters of the myocardial muscle fibres with focal areas of necrosis, apoptotic changes and increased collagen fibres deposition was marked in sulpiride group. When crowding and sulpiride treatments were combined, the damaging effects were maximized on the lung and heart. These results provided evidence that crowding stress causes obvious lung and heart tissue damages. No protective role for sulpiride was proofed. This is because using sulpiride alone or in combination with crowding showed marked damaging effects on the lung and heart tissues

effects of Ambrosia maritime L. [damsissa] on some biochemical and histological parameters of diabetic albino rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common and widely distributed metabolic diseases all over the world. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Different medicinal plant species are used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus e.g. Ambrosia maritima, L. [Damsissa] which is one of these plants that its extract was used to treat diabetic patients long times ago. This work was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract of Ambrosia maritima, L. [Damsissa] on the alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats. This study was performed on thirty male albino rats with an average 100-110 g body weight. The animals were divided into three groups [10 /cage]; Group I [Control untreated-group], Group II [Alloxan-induced diabetic group] and Group III [diabetic group treated orally with "28.5 mg/ kg body wt. twice/ day" of the plant extract]. The biochemical results showed marked decline [p<0.01] in the levels of the serum insulin, body weight, total proteins, albumin, globulin and HDL accompanied with marked elevation [p<0.001] in the levels of fasting blood glucose, levels of HOMA_IR, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL [risk factors] in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group. Daily management of the diabetic rates with aqueous extract of Damsissa showed significant improvement in most of these parameters. Histologically, considerable improvement in the morphological changes that was observed in diabetic groups had been detected after treatment with Damsissa in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues in comparison to the control group. It could be concluded that Ambrosia maritima, L. [Damsissa] can be used as an antidiabetic drug that can lower blood glucose concentration and guard against the negative effects of diabetes

Effect of sitagliptin "a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4] inhibitor" on the endocrine part of the pancreas in experimentally induced diabetes in adult albino rat; a light microscopic and biochemical studies

Sitagliptin is highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4] inhibitor that is considered as one of the new oral therapies for management of type II diabetes. Because of the sitagliptin unknown effects on the endocrine part of the pancreas, especially on the cellular levels, this study was done to evaluate its effect on the endocrine part of the pancreas in experimentally-induced type II diabetic in adult albino rats. The present study was carried out on 30 adult male albino rats which were divided into; Group I [untreated control group], Group II [diabetic group], where type II diabetes had been induced via alloxan intake] and group III [treated group], where 0.14 mg/100 mg B.W. sitagliptin was given orally per day for 3 weeks after induction of type-2 diabetes. The specimens were prepared for light microscopic examination. In parallel, the related biomedical parameters such as serum glucose and serum insulin levels had been estimated, statistically analyzed and compared between the three groups. Sections of pancreas taken from diabetic rats showed morphological changes in islets of Langerhans cells in the form of pyknotic nuclei, cytoplasmic vacuolation, poor differentiation and abnormal shape and size of the cells. These morphological changes had been partially recovered in diabetic rats treated with sitagliptin. Also, the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia that was detected in the control diabetic group had been nearly returned to normal after sitagliptin treatment. Sitagliptin drug has improved islet functions on both morphological and biomedical parameters in type II diabetic rats and can be taken into consideration as one of the new oral anti- diabetic drugs on the human level that need to be more investigated